![]() ![]() The bombing reduced the population by 95%, mainly due to evacuation, and destroyed almost the entire city. Cologne was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II, with the Royal Air Force (RAF) dropping 34,711 long tons (35,268 tonnes) of bombs on the city. Prior to World War II the city had undergone several occupations by the French and also by the British (1918–1926). Cologne was one of the leading members of the Hanseatic League and one of the largest cities north of the Alps in medieval and Renaissance times. During the Middle Ages it flourished on one of the most important major trade routes between east and west in Europe. The city functioned as the capital of the Roman province of Germania Inferior and as the headquarters of the Roman military in the region until occupied by the Franks in 462. "Cologne", the French version of the city's name, has become standard in English as well. An alternative Latin name of the settlement is Augusta Ubiorum, after the Ubii. ![]() ![]() During their advance they captured the ancient German city of Cologne, Köln auf Deutsch -Ĭologne was founded and established in Ubii territory in the 1st century AD as the Roman Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, the first word of which is the origin of its name. forces were pressing forward to the Rhine. ![]()
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